Danone company in India analysis

Danone company in India analysis In early 1900s a small yogurt producing factory with a vision to reach its scrumptious yogurts in every part of the world was started in Barcelona, Spain. Later Danone entered the biscuit industry in 1986 by buying General Biscuit and in 1989 it added to its portfolio of biscuit brands by acquiring Nabiscos European subsidiaries  [1]  . Later Danone began aggressively venturing globally and took over 40 acquisitions in Asia, Latin America, Central Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The Globalization vision would have been futile if Danone Group would have not entered Indian market where 1/6th of the world population resided. It took 7 decades for Danone to reach India with an immense hope of stabilizing its brand through a joint venture with Wadia group. Together they took over 51 percent holding of Indias leading biscuit manufacturer, Britannia Industries Limited. Danone did foresee this venture as a potential growth for one its core business lines of biscuits. Along with stre ngthen its biscuit portfolio, it saw strategical entry of the other two businesses of dairy products and beverages (specifically water). Antoine Riboud founder of Danone stated during unveiling of the companies from BSN to Danone that We wanted our name to be an added source of momentum for the global expansion that is now our priority. The food industry has in the past treated markets as discreet entities separated from each other by the culinary traditions of countries or regions, but it is now caught up in the same swing to globalization as others. This is because not only tastes, but also distribution and media are becoming just as global (Franck, 1996). Antoine Riboud and his successor Franck Riboud knew that they had to develop a response to this allegation by entering the Indian market to strengthen the growth of its biscuits, dairy products and beverages. However Danones association with its joint venture persuaded a change of strategy which eventually restructured its core business line and future actions. However, Danone stayed consistent with its priority of expansion globally and considering India to be important nation to pursue its vision. About Danone Group The Danone Group is a multinational food products company and currently consists of four principal business lines namely fresh dairy products, bottled water, baby nutrition and medical nutrition. Danones fresh dairy products sector represents 60% of the group sales according to 2009 report making it the number one company in fresh dairy products. The two lines of probiotic dairy products named as Actimel and Activia are the most accepted products of Danone [refer exhibit 2]. As for the other business lines, the bottled waters and baby nutrition products were ranked number two in the world and its medical nutrition products as number one in European market (Press Pederson, 2000). The Globalization strategy of Danone products commenced in early 1990s. Before entering India, Danones major business lines consisted of fresh dairy, biscuits, glass containers and beer [refer exhibit 3]. Based on world rankings in 1995, Danone was categorized as the world seventh largest food group, and the pioneer in fresh dairy products and biscuits. It was also ranked as number two in pasta, beer and glass containers. In May 1997 Franck Riboud announced the adoption of a new company strategy focusing on three core business areas namely dairy products, biscuits, and beverages (specifically water and beer)in which the company had global leadership [refer exhibit 1]. These areas also represented 85 percent of group sales (Press Pederson, 2000). Background In far far away land a small cookie making factory was started and K. Ranjan Pillai sobriquet as Biscuit King was crowned in the late 1980s. The throne of Mr. Pillai resided with Britannia Industries Ltd (BIL), which was a pioneer in Indian Biscuit Industry. However the reign of the Biscuit King soon got over, as the 43-year old Biscuit-King was pleaded guilty to the charge and admitted he had authorised the release of the companys funds to pay debt incurred by two of his cashew-trading firms. The biscuit tycoon was sent to Tihar Central Jail of India in 1995 and whose death in the same year closed what  the Economic Times  referred to as one of Indias most dramatic corporate sagas (Padmakshan, 2007). This closed the case of Rajan Pillai, however opened its empire and assets for auction. Group Danone grabbed this opportunity and entered the Indian market by establishing a joint venture with oldest Indian conglomerate Wadia Group. A marriage of two diverse entities was formed giving birth to two equal joint venture companies, UK registered Associated Biscuits International Holdings Ltd in 1992 and Wadia BSN in 1995. The Groupe Danone and Wadia together hold 50.96% in Britannia through Associated Biscuits International Ltd. The ABI Holdings, was a 50:50 JV between Groupe Danone and Wadia group. Nusli Wadia owner of the Wadia Group took over as a chairman for Britannia and Sunil Alag was appointed as the Managing Director. Sunil Alag was known as the Danone man as he was instrumental for Danone to join hands with Wadia. This new entity, Wadia BSN India, was meant to manufacture and sell food products and beverages in India, covering all Danone products, but the venture did not move. As per the Wadia BSN agreement signed in 1995, in case of a deadlock between the partners, Danone is obliged to buy all the shares of the Wadia group at a `fair market value. This agreement does not include Britannias holding firm, ABIH which has a separate agreement signed in 1992 and is subject to the British law (Chatterjee, 2007). Expect the unexpected On 29th June 2007, the French dairy major, Group Danone formally initiated arbitration proceedings to end its partnership with the Mumbai based Wadia group. The 15 years of foray came to an end leading to speculations of Danones growth in India. Eight days before the final declaration of end of relation of Danone and Wadia group the shares  of Danone on 21st June 2007 fell by 1.1 percent, to 57.42 Euros in Paris as Frances benchmark CAC 40 stock index dropped 1 percent (Saikat Ladka, 2007). Danone Secretary General,  Philippe-Loic Jacob said that We are addressing the current issues with our Indian partner, and this was a priority as Danone wished to continue developing its activities in India. It was revealed by both parties that this discontinuation was advantageous to both parties as Danone was no longer interested in the biscuits business line globally. Whereas The Wadia group having increased its stake in Britannia gained an opportunity to focus on its core business of Bisc uits. Britannias core business was always biscuits, where it enjoyed 38 percent in value and about 32 percent in volume in 2007 (Babu, 2007). Further, the Rs 6,500-crore  [2]  organised biscuit market in India was growing at 14-16 per cent per annum (Archana Rai, 2003). Issue 1: 2001 On 27th October 2001, Britannia formed a joint venture with Fonterra Co-operative Group of New Zealand, the worlds largest milk company, to explore the potential for dairy products (www.businessweek.com, 2009). Britannia took this stand even though it was associated with one of the most powerful leaders of dairy products-Danone. Fonterra was among the ten biggest dairy companies in the world and had integrated process where it included every part of the chain from procurement of milk to value-added products such as cheese and buttermilk (Krishnan, 2002). This was unlike as that of Danone who did market dairy products such as yoghurt, cheese and desserts. Issue 2: 2003 On June 04, 2003, Sunil Alag was ousted as a CEO, but it was claimed that Danone was not informed until the last minute. There were speculations that Nusli Wadia had realized that outsiders were seeing Britannia as a one man show and Mr. Alag was its face. Alagh took all the critical operational decisions and had shaken up a company associated with staid biscuit brands-like Goodday, Marie and Bourbon-by launching Pure Magic and Tiger (Archana Rai, 2003). Mr. Alag had a support from Danone as he was a strong link between the two companies.. Apart from being a successful CEO, Alagh was also flashy, flamboyant, with friends among the Page 3 crowd in Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi. So its likely that he helped his friends in some way, as is common with most Indian CEOs. To oust Alagh, Wadia devised the idea of the audit report, the logic being Danone would not support a corrupt CEO (Archana Rai, 2003). An internal audit report, which was recently leaked to the media, did find that Alagh pro bably favoured ad agencies, media houses and ngos run by his friends. Other claims were that Wadia wanted to have a say in the company and eventually get his son, Jeh, on board (Archana Rai, 2003). Mr Alagh, 56, joined Britannia in 1974 and has been MD CEO for over a decade (Chakravarty Kurian, 2009). Issue 3: In June, 2006:  Danone registered the Tiger trademark in over 70 countries without prior consent  [3]  . Due to this Britannia demanded royalty from Danone for use of Tiger brand that was registered under them. The tiger brand was the strongest brand of Britnannia which corporate to 20% of the companys revenue  [4]  . To this Danone also asked Britannia for royalties for using its trademark recipes for Britannias product Little Hearts. Issue 4: In November, 2006 the Wadias dragged Groupe Danone to court over the French company picking up a minority stake in a Bangalore based bio-nutritional foods company Avestha Gengraine Technologies, through its subsidiary Daninvest.com SA (Sangameshwaran, 2007). This was in violation of the governments Press Note 1, 2005, which requires a foreign company to obtain the consent of its Indian joint venture partner before pursuing an independent business in a similar area  [5]  . Actions to be India The allegation of not informing Danones partner for picking up minority stakes of Avestha Gengraine Technologies was denied by Danone. A letter dated 10th May 2007 was sent to the Indian Government that it is not a joint venture with Britannia and its 25 percent shareholdings in the biscuit company is a joint venture with wadia group ABIH through UK and not India (Chakravarty, 2007). Hence, Danone claimed that it dint have any direct joint venture in India and hence the Press Note 1, 2005 was not applicable to them. However, to this the government repeatedly told Danone that it would require no objection certificate as per the press note regulation governing the joint venture between domestic and foreign market (Chakravarty Kurian, 2009). Shortly within few months, Danone had to address a court case in September 2007, for allegedly usurping the intellectual property rights (IPR). Vinita Bali the new managing director of Britannia, said: Danone paid 220 million rupees as fee for usin g the Tiger brand  [6]  . However, to this Danone asked Britannia to pay royalty for using its trademark recipe the brand Little Hearts. However this claim was turned around as Britannia had obtained Danones approval for it and was authorized to sell it elsewhere. Ironically the exchange of technical co-operation and intellectual property was approved during Sunil Alaghs tenure as Britannia CEO, who was known to share a good rapport with the Danone top brass (Vijayraghavan, 2007).  On April 14, 2009, Groupe Danone officially exited Britannia Industries by selling its entire 25.48 per cent interest to a Wadia Group company, Leila Lands, which indirectly held a similar stake in the biscuit firm  [7]  . In 2007, Danone sold its global biscuit business to Kraft Foods for à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5.3 billion, enabling the American company to add the portfolio to its Nabisco cookies and crackers  [8]  . Danone position now in India Group Danone is now particularly keen on focusing on the dairy products in India. The Danone India, the firms fully-owned subsidiary in India, will manage the dairy and baby foods business, the water business will be managed separately through a new joint venture (JV) with Narang Hospitality Services, which is the distributor for Evian in India. Group Danone is particularly keen on the baby nutrition segment, especially after its $17 billion acquisition of Dutch firm Royal Numico, which made it Europes largest player in the baby foods category and the second-largest in the world after Nestle. According to Yakult group (http://yakult.co.in/), In 2005 Yakult Danone India (P) Ltd was formed with a joint venture between Yakult Honsha, Japan and Group Danone of France. The 50:50 Joint venture Yakults probiotic drink was launched in December 2007  [9]  . Conclusion Danones main motive to enter Indian market was to seek potential growth for its products. Indian market being complex and diverse, the best option Danone predicted was through Joint Venture. However Danone when coming out of the Indian joint venture certainly learnt about the social environment, consumer behaviour and organizational cultures in India. With this it also got aware factors of strategic asset seeking. The trail and turbulence in the Indian market undoubtedly lost focus of the firms orientation where its earlier core business was of Biscuits, Dairy products and beverages. However during its reign in India Danone completely mislaid its establishment in biscuit sector and ended up having its new portfolio of nutrional and baby products instead of biscuits. In 2007 it swapped its world number 2 position as producer of cereals and biscuits  for the same position in baby foods, having sold the biscuits division to  Kraft Foods  [10]  . The 15 years of learning also all owed Danone to change from its diversification strategy to being focused in its Business line. According to Comment/ Jarrell (1995) companies with decrease diversification show better result in the market. This is eventually being true with Danone, however adding its risk due to focused diversification. As observed in the case study, Danone did foresee growth in India. Also as per the Global Competitveness report [Exhibit 5] India ranked second in world which showed huge opportunity for the Danones growth. Danone assumed that the even though perceived distance of India and France and opposite, its establishment in India through joint venture would minimize any complexity. Moreover unperceived rules, regulations and laws of Indian company made the Danones existence in India more complex. However, one of the profound complexity Danone faced was adapting to the managements working ethics. India corruption index is more than double to that of France. Positioning the French company as not to be affected by the political sway was challenging. Lastly the Power Distance Index (PDI) according to Hoftedes model shows that India had higher power index than the France. The higher PDI states that there is unequality of power and acceptance of rule by higher authority. This lead to monopoly in the Indian joint venture by giving rise to diverging and setting of incoherent rules. However, the French had lower power index than India, stating that challenging and opposing inequality was within them. Eventually this was perceptible and which lead French Danone to break its joint venture with the Indian partner. Appendix Exhibit 1 Consolidated sales report according to business lines in 1995 Source: http://www.danone.com/images/pdf/10_danone.pdf Exhibit 2 Best sellers of Danones dairy range: Actimel and Activia Exhibit 3 DAIRY PRODUCTS: Bledina SA; Danone GmbH (Germany; 99.9%); Danone SA (Argentina; 99.5%); NV Danone SA (Belgium); Danone SA (Brazil); Danone Inc. (Canada); Danone SA (Spain; 55.7%); Danone Kft (Hungary); Danone SpA (Italy; 99.7%); Danone de Mexico SA de CV; Danone Sp zoo (Poland); Danone Portugal SA (52.8%); Danone A/S (Czech Republic; 95.1%); Danone Clover SA (South Africa; 66.8%); The Dannon Company (U.S.A.; 89%); Galbani (Italy; 90%). Beverages: Aguas de Lanjarà ³n (Spain; 78.5%); Aguas Minerales (Argentina; 50%); Alken-Maes (Belgium; 99.6%); Birra Peroni Industriale (Italy; 24.4%); Evian; Font Vella SA (Spain; 77.8%); Italaquae SpA (Italy; 91%); Kronenbourg; Mahou SA (Spain; 33.3%); San Miguel (Spain; 80.5%); Volvic. Biscuits: Bagley SA (Argentina; 91%); Bolshevik (Russia; 72.8%); Danone Cokolà ¡dovny A/S (Czech Republic; 49.1%); Danone SA (Brazil); Griesson-De Beukelaer GmbH Co.KG (Germany; 40%); Heudebert; Irish Biscuits (Ireland); The Jacobs Bakery Ltd (U.K.); LU; LU Benelux (Belgique) (Belgium; 99.6%); LU Benelux (Pays-Bas) (Netherlands; 99.6%); LU Espaà ±a (Spain); Papadopoulos (Greece; 60%); Saiwa SpA (Italy). OTHER: HP Foods Ltd (U.K.); BSN Emballage (44%); Amoy Food Ltd (Hong Kong; 90.3%); PT Aqua Golden Mississippi (Indonesia; 36.1%); Britannia Brands (Malaysia) SDN BHD (90.3%); Britannia Industries Ltd (India; 18.4%); Calpis Ajinomoto Danone Co Ltd (Japan; 25%); Continental Biscuits Ltd (Pakistan; 44.7%); Griffins Foods Ltd (New Zealand; 90.3%); Hangzhou Wahaha Co. Ltd (China; 41%); Shanghai Danone Biscuits Foods Co. Ltd (China; 54.2%); Shenzhen Danone Health Drinks Co. Ltd (China; 54.2%); Tangshan United European Haomen Brewery Co. Ltd (China; 63.2%); Wuhan Euro Dongxihu Brewery Co. Ltd (China; 54.2%); Danone International Brands Paris; Great Brands of Europe. Exhibit 4 The controversial tiger brand Exhibit 5 Source: Global competitiveness report, world economic forum (2009-2010) Link: https://members.weforum.org/pdf/GCR09/GCR20092010fullreport.pdf Exhibit 6 Source: Corruption Perception Index (2010) Link: http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results

Parliament carries out none of its functions Essay

â€Å"Parliament carries out none of its functions adequately†. Discuss. With democracy on the incline and other countries catching up to where the UK once lead it can be argued that parliament does not carry out its functions adequately. Many would say there are not enough checks and balances on the government to insure its parliament is run legitimately being argued that a cross on a ballot paper every four years is hardly a true expression of our will. Current circumstances have lead to his enquiry of the people, most significantly the freedom of information act 2000 introduced by Blair’s government allowing transparency and putting the government under some scrutiny resulted in the daily telegraphy uncovering the expense scandal, including the duck house this exploitation of the government sparked an unanimous felling of not only anger but also disappointment bringing the questioning of the effectiveness of parliament. However not all of parliament can be looked upon in negative light, parliament can be seen as efficient and it is unfair to cla im that â€Å"none† of its functions are adequate because the surely there would be a collapse in parliament and government. Predominately and most obviously parliaments â€Å"main function† is legislation and passing bills, and in all fairness that’s what parliament does, far more bills are efficiently passed through parliament and become law compared to the US who struggle to pass anything with such a variation of opinions. The majority government that Britain almost always has, despite labour government in 1974-79 which was weak and short lived, always been able to provide stability and efficient law-making; a core function of parliament. Counter-arguing this it could be suggested that such a strong majority government who does not have to debate or compromise in laws could eventually result in an elective dictatorship, meaning that we are effectively controlled by the government on a vote that was made for 4/5 years. A current example of other people outside of the direct governing bodies not being able to gain control over parliament is the private members bill of bedroom tax. Although the taxation proposals has reached the second stage it has taken a long time getting there, but at least it proves that  their are other influences in parliament and parliament is being scrutinized in some aspects even if it is only 13 Fridays a year. I personally believe that the bills that are past have been done so to benefit the country and not as a way of a party leaving their mark on government so that when next election time occurs they can claim how they have influenced parliament- a slightly more cynical view. The very fact we consistently pass bills shows strength and progress however more needs to be done to incorporate the public, the referendum in Scotland with a turnout of 84.5% just shows how willing the public are to be involved in politics and legislation suggesting more referendums would destroy doubt in the parliament as accountability is distributed evenly and decentralized. To be democratic parliament should come under as many forms of scrutiny as possible to insure certain issues don’t go under the radar. Possibly the most forceful form of scrutiny is the opposition, they are have the power, time and money to fully scrutinize and fault the current government in order to secure a place as the next winning party. This kind of faulting can lead to governments being forced to change as issues are brought to the public eye. As we have very recently seen in the autumn statement George Osborne claiming and exenterating how well the government is doing finically was soon brought down o the reality when the shadow chancellor Ed Balls was able to prove how much the government was still in debt by. This kind of scrutiny means that the government cannot disguise anything from the public and there should be a sense of transparency. However it could be argued that even if an issue is brought to light in parliament there is not a lot the opposing party can do about an issue if the government is a minority they will always be voted out even on things that they so strongly believe in. take the current collation, one of the promises liberal democrats made was to introduced free tuition fees, the divide was made clear when backbench revolts resulted in 21 Lib Dems voting against tuition fees despite whips advising them to join the vote of conservatives meaning they where voting against their won cause. Ultimately it shows how powerless other parties are in minority governments and also in a coalition as a smaller party and surely if they are so powerless how can we know that the majority government is not just taking advantage of their position. I personally believe that  coalitions benefit the UK because they allow room for debate and opinion as a pose to a parties single mind view however often to many parties ar e left too powerless and not able to scrutinize the government efficiently. Scrutiny of the opposition does not encompass all scrutiny, and it can be said that the more scrutiny there is the better it is, as we know that the government that governs our lives is being run correctly. Select comities are set up by the government to check the government. Each committee are devoted to every aspect of our lives making sure we are content with the current government and how parliament is ran, this is effective as it provides a layer of support and reassurance. Select comities can highlight an issue and bring it to the public attention by enquiring in current situation and encouraging government change, however all they can do is encourage government change, they can’t actually enforce policies. Whips have less power over select comities because select comities do not hold that much power however with technology on the inline select comities have become extremely good at unearthing and bringing to the publics attention faults in the current parliament and als o resolutions to these faults. A most recent example of this would be phone hacking; a select committee put an emphasis on issues within media, particularly news of the world. New of the world listen to the voice mail of missing girl Millie Dowler, the enquire then successfully resulted in the news of the world collapse and shutdown, it was then found out that Andy Carlson, who previously worked in news of the world was David Cameroons press sectary who after the enquiry was let go. Select comities are a very good form of scrutiny because they can find fault in parliament, government and the media however they do not have very little power to act upon findings and cant fully scrutinize the government as they are still under some influence for their party. Introduced a new law meaning parliament must always be consulted before military action is taken, because this is the result of the peoples word and the government should stay legitimate to avoid elective dictatorship it proves how efficient the current parliament are in tackling current. However it could be argued that prime ministers question time once every week, which has recently been shortened, further is not enough to put  legitimacy under enough scrutiny. Not all the government’s actions are properly debated and scrutinized with a majority government it is often the case of the biggest party winning. The unelected house of lords, although of recent times not hereditary peers due to Blair’s house of lords reform act 1998, still are not elected and therefore have no democratic legitimacy. A lot of respect for parliamentary legitimacy has been lost because of the unearthing of issues such as cash for questions, discovered in 2011 it was found MPs where paid to ask other MPs questions that would reflect well on their party, giving the public a bias view of the world and manipulating our perceptions. This kind of foul play in parliament takes away what legitimacy some parties have. Personally I think that not enough is done to scrutinize parliaments legitimacy, although candidates have been ‘democratically’ voted into power and should hold the trusteeship of the public it can still be argued as to what extent they have the right to this power as in some peoples view first past the post is not a democratic voting system to begin with and therefore the candidate is not legitimate. To conclude, I think that despite some major drawbacks parliament and its functions are carried out adequately and too say that none are is a major over statement. It is easy to see why someone people might lose faith in parliament, majority parties become too strong to control, desperate to leave their mark without fully discussing current issues. Young politicians going straight into the job with no really concept of life’s hardships, not fully representing what others really wants and need. However having said this parliament passes laws, it does so efficiently meaning that currant issues can be solved whilst they are still current. This kind of speedy and strong government creates a stable base to build a democracy upon and although many have lost faith given recent scandals like the expenses scandal, the fact that most voters still believe their party will deliver on their manifesto shows hope. Scrutiny is in my opinion of its highest form in select comities as they can pinpoint specific problems and resolve them such as the phone hacking 2012 however I also don’t believe they have enough power to influence the government. Having said this the government is currently stable even in a coalition, which suggest that parliaments functions are at the very least adequate.

Essay On Hearing - 960 Words

Mr. Prince reported this location is in Opelika Power Services territory. Chairman Cherry opened the public hearing. Rita Davis of 302 22nd Street stated I have fencing and noise barrier concerns because that is a quiet neighborhood. Mr. Ogren stated there is a commercial lot between this lot and the residential area. Chairman Cherry stated there is a noise ordinance in place. Chairman Cherry closed the public hearing. Mayor Fuller made a motion to grant conditional use approval with staff recommendations. Mr. Hilyer seconded the motion. Lucinda Cannon stated the elevation sheets show something different than what was discussed. Blake Rice stated the elevation sheets show the same building that was constructed in a different†¦show more content†¦The trees shall be spaced in a ratio of one (1) understory tree every fifteen (15) feet, or one (1) medium tree every thirty (30) feet, or one (1) large tree every forty-five (45) feet. Shrubbery shall be provided between the plantings. The proposed impervious surface of the 4.4 acre property is within the 70% maximum impervious ratio (ISR) allowed; about 37% of the 4.4 acres will be impervious. The site plan shows a 2.4 acre outside area in the rear yard and east side yard; this area will be used to repairs waiting to be serviced. The site is shown as a gravel lot with a fence surrounding the area. The fencing facing Columbus Parkway needs to be comprised of either a wood privacy fence or chain link with slates. The elevation drawings for the Joe Hudson Collision building are attached. The south elevation faces Columbus Parkway. The exterior wall material for the front and side elevations are a EIFS for the office/customer waiting area. The front of the shop building facing Columbus Parkway will also use the same material. The reminder of the building will be painted metal. The private dumpster area must be enclosed with an opaque fence and gate at a height so the dumpster is not visible beyond the enclosure. 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Prisoner Re-Entry Programs in America - 734 Words

America sends more of its citizens to prison than any other country in the world. The United States, though only five percent of the world’s population, incarcerate 25 percent of the world’s prisoners. America is supposed to be the land of the free, not the land of the incarcerated. About 6,937,600 offenders were under the supervision of adult correctional systems at year end 2012. Around two-thirds of the prison population which is released annually (637,400) will recidivate within the first three years of release (Glaze, 2013). The prisoner re-entry programs that are currently in place are clearly ineffective and insufficient. A reallocation of the budget is the first step towards fixing our re-entry programs. Once the budget is under control, the government needs to have a complete overhaul of system. There are many prisoner re-entry programs that have shown promise which means there is already a blueprint to success available. The first problem that prisoner re-entry programs face is the lack of monetary support. The government is focused on the punitive aspect rather than rehabilitation, therefore the majority of their money goes towards security. The 2014 Budget requests a total of $8.5 billion for federal prisons and detention centers, with a miniscule percentage going towards re-entry programs. Program increases totaling $236.2 million provide for the activations of newly constructed prisons and for new contract beds, allowing the Bureau of Prisons toShow MoreRelatedDo We Really Need Prisons1599 Words   |  7 Pagesmaintain a safer society. Thirdly, the prison system is there to deter people from commiting crimes. Prison have to be a warning to society to show that there are consequences for law breakers. Last but not the least, prison aims to rehabiliate prisoners and make them a part of society. As can be seen in the previous paraghraph society gave prison system important missions which are retrebution, incapaticing, deterring and rehabilitation. However prisons are not capable of achieving this missions;Read MoreRe Entry Program For Prisons1521 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish Composition I 8 November 2015 Re-entry Program Prisons have been a way for us to remove persons of danger away from the rest of society, and it is the sole purpose. The prisoners are placed into a facility and they serve their time doing just it, nothing else. However, over time we began to initiate a new concept for prisons. Prisons can be used as a place to rehabilitate people and change the path which they have been following. We have given prisoners the ability to get an education, getRead MoreThe Problem Of Prison Population1536 Words   |  7 Pagestrying to prevent it, prison population continued to increase. Mandatory minimum sentences and the privatization created more prisoners, rather than cutting down on the amount incarcerations. Since the 1980’s, the prison population has quadrupled and today one in every one hundred adults are in prison (Mandatory Minimums (HBO)). Infact, America leads the world in prisoners with 20% of the earth’s prison population (The Prison Crisis). In a study done by The Ameri can Prospect, charts and graphs provideRead MoreEssay about The Growth of Adult Corrections in the United States1472 Words   |  6 Pagesstill overcrowded. State and local governments approved hard-hitting crime legislation during the late 1980s and early 1990s. For instance, California established the â€Å"three strikes and you’re out† law which required a set sentence of recurring prisoners, and New York implemented the â€Å"Broken Windows† policy that allowed for the detainment and trial of all crimes big and small. Guidelines such as these led to a reduction in the numbers as far as crimes committed, but the jail and prison populationsRead MorePrisons and Jails Essay611 Words   |  3 Pagescorrectional system is used to house criminals and keep them away from society. Our country is made up of close to 3 million prisoners and not enough prisons. With close to four thousand housing facilities there is little room to house the remaining. The United States alone spends nearly 1.6-billion dollars per year in prison accommodations and about fifteen thousand per prisoner. Different prisons do different things to h ouse their inmates. Some punish inmates different, and some prisons comfort andRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate Of The United States1370 Words   |  6 Pagesthat America was the land of freedom and opportunity. As the Pledge of Allegiance states, â€Å"One nation under God, Indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† However, under the current criminal justice system, more and more people lose their liberties because of the crimes they have committed. According to Roy Walmsley, a consultant of the United Nations and Associate of the International Center for prison studies, â€Å"In October 2013, the incarceration rate of the United States of America was theRead MoreAmerican Prison Systems: Do They Really Work?4530 Words   |  18 PagesChain gangs emerged during the era of the Auburn prison model. Auburn prisons were cheaper to construct and maintain versus the Pennsylvania style prisons. These were the predecessors of modern privatized prisons because Auburn style pri sons used prisoner labor for profit (Abadinsky, 2008). As Abadinsky (2008) points out, there were initially several models of exploiting inmate labor. One was the contract system, in which convict labor was sold to private entrepreneurs (Abadinsky, 2008). This is generallyRead MoreCalifornia University Links Prison Overcrowding And Recidivism1272 Words   |  6 PagesOVERCROWDING AND RECIDIVISM America has the highest rate of incarceration per capita of any other industrialized nation. That is an amazing fact. Don’t believe it? Then do some research. ASTOUNDING INCARCERATION RATES The World Prison Brief, a database hosted by the International Centre for Prison Studies, provides an online table* that list the world’s prison population broken down by nation. With a total population of over 320 million, the U.S. ranks at 698 prisoners per 100,000 people. ThatRead More What Works in Reducing Recidivism Essay2390 Words   |  10 Pagesfound that the average five-year recidivism rates of 404,638 prisoners released in 2005 is 76.6% among thirty states in America (Matthew, Alexia, Howard, 2014, p. 1). In other words, most of the released prisoners did not escape the cycle of recidivism and were sent back to the prison after time. This indicates that the present American justice system, which focuses on punishment as Benson (2003) noted, fails to rehabilitate prisoners efficiently and is far from achieving the goal of reducing crimeRead MoreThe Problems Faced By Prisoners And Women Experience Hardships When Re Entering Society After Spending Time2005 Words à ‚  |  9 Pageshardships when re-entering society after spending time in incarceration. Released individuals face the issues of employment with a criminal record, education and family relations when trying to adjust back into society (Cobbina 2010). Researchers to this day focus on individual experiences in order to better understand the challenges ex-prisoners stumble upon when transitioning back into everyday life. This is important to study today because there are a high number of people in North America that get

The Cardiovascular System Of The Heart And Blood Vessels

[The purpose of the cardiovascular system is to circulate blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular system transports gasses, nutrients, and wastes. Also, the cardiovascular system protects the body against infection, regulates temperature, and helps maintain fluid balance within the body.] [Cardiovascular disease is a range of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Examples of CVD are an arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart disease.] [Tobacco use increases the risk for CVD because it damages the lining of arteries. Also, it decreases the level of HDL and increases the levels of LDL cholesterol. Nicotine causes an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke lowers the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. Tobacco smoke increases the tendency of blood platelets to stick together, which might cause a blood clot, and it speeds the development of plaque.] [Blood pressure is measured using two numbers. The first number is the systolic blood pressure, which is a contraction phase of the heart. The second number is the diastolic blood pressure, which is a relaxation phase of the heart. The normal blood pressure reading for a healthy adult is below 120 over 80. The reading that qualifies as high blood pressure is higher than 140 over 90. High blood pressure increases the risk for CVD because too much force is applied against the walls of the arteries, resulting heart to work harder to force blood through the narrowedShow MoreRelatedThe Human Body Is An Amazing Thing Essay1154 Words   |  5 Pagesperformed by each organ system and each cell. Among those organ systems is the cardiovascular system. Although each system plays an important role in ensuring the body is functioning properly, the cardiovascular system works to ensure that all systems get the proper nutrients and oxygen to perform each individual system’s purpose. The Organs of the Cardiovascular System. The Cardiovascular system, also known as the Circulatory of Vascular system, consists of the heart, the blood vessels (arteries, capillariesRead MoreComposition of Cardiovascular System1709 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Composition of Cardiovascular System: The cardiovascular system provides a method with which nutrients and waste products are rapidly transported within the human body. While its also referred to as the circulatory system, it also transports hormones, gases, and food to and from cells within the body. The major components of the circulatory or cardiovascular system are blood, blood vessels, and the heart (Cardiovascular System Simplified, n.d.). Blood consists of cells and liquid plasma whileRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Across The Lifespan889 Words   |  4 PagesThe cardiovascular system across the lifespan An investigation will be conducted in to the cardiovascular system across the lifespan of individuals with and without learning disabilities from birth to later life. This essay will explain and describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system span from birth to later adulthood. Whilst also looking at specific conditions and disorders that can present across the lifespan of an individual the discussion examines these disorders and conditionsRead MoreCardiovascular System Of The Human Body967 Words   |  4 PagesThe heart is one of the most important vital organs to sustain life in the human body. The heart is a muscle pumping organ that generates two different types of circulatory loops within the human body. These include the Pulmonary Circulation and the Systemic Circulation. The Pulmonary arteries brings blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where then the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The pumping chambers that su pport the pulmonary circulation are theRead MoreThe Different Organs Of The Cardiovascular System917 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cardiovascular system, also known as the circulatory system, includes the heart and its vessels. Its purpose is to circulate blood throughout the body and its cells, delivering needed substances and removing waste. The different organs of the cardiovascular system include the heart and its blood vessels, which are capillaries, arteries and veins. There are two parts to the cardiovascular system, pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. Pulmonary circulation is between the heart andRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Essay596 Words   |  3 PagesComposed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, the cardiovascular system is the body system that carries out the tasks of pumping and transporting blood, oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, and other substances throughout the body. The cardiovascular system, however, would not be able to effectively complete these functions without help from what is sometimes referred to as the body’s hardest-working organ- the heart. Approximately the size of a fist, the heart is contains four chambers (theRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Of The Circulatory System1265 Words   |  6 PagesThe circulatory system (also known as the cardiovascular system) is responsible for respiration (transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from cells), nutrition (carrying nutrients from digested food substances to the cells of the body), waste removal (disposing cellular waste products and poisons that may have been consumed during the digestion process), immunity (fighting against infectious agents such as pathogens), cellular communication (ensuring that that the transport and the functionRead MoreThe Cardiovascular System Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesThe heart, blood and blood vessels make up the basis of the cardiovasc ular system also known as the circulatory system. The average human body contains approximately 5 litres of blood which is carried around the body via a network of blood vessels split into three types; arteries, veins and capillaries. The arteries are the largest of the three vessels and carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart and are smaller than arteries, then finally the smallest vessels known as capillariesRead MoreDiagnosis : Hypertension And Hypertension954 Words   |  4 PagesHYPERTENSION 1. Definition of Hypertension: Hypertension (better known as high blood pressure) is a condition in which the blood is being forced through the walls of the arteries (a type of blood vessel) in a heavy manner for a prolonged period of time. A majority of people who have hypertension aren’t aware of it. Therefore, blood pressure should be measured frequently. Blood pressure is measured by the amount of force that the blood is pushing through the arteries. It is read by looking at two numbers,Read MoreWhat Is Pharmacology And It s Purpose?1482 Words   |  6 PagesCardiovascular Pharmacology Demettrea Buchanan, Nyanga Muhammad, Tania DuPree, Stephanie Hill Dorsey School of Business What is pharmacology and it’s purpose? Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be defined as man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biomedical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ or organism. More specifically it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism

Mardi Gras Free Essays

Mardi Gras The feast before the fast | | â€Å"Mardi Gras† means â€Å"Fat Tuesday. † Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulge—and often overindulge—before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally known as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. We will write a custom essay sample on Mardi Gras or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year. Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lions—you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras. By dawn on that most famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take to the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene. Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake — which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake — is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade Floats The tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe. Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today. How to cite Mardi Gras, Papers Mardi Gras Free Essays Choosing the proper way to celebrate Mardi Gras is as simple as deciding whether to celebrate in the traditional manner of New Orleans or one of the outlying communities. Or, there is an option for celebrating for those who are complete outside of Louisiana. Celebrating in New Orleans almost always means joining a crewe and helping to build or man a float for one of the dozens of parades in the days leading to Fat Tuesday. We will write a custom essay sample on Mardi Gras or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most crewe members also attend and help plan fantastic balls in the weeks prior to Mardi Gras with some of the biggest, including the Crewe of Bacchus, hosting their parades on Mardi Gras itself. In the Cajun communities outside New Orleans, Mardi Gras is celebrated in a more traditional manner with a community wide party and gumbo. In this tradition, masked riders take horseback from house to house to collect food to put in the gumbo. Once they have collected all the contributions, the riders return to the center of town and throw all the food together to make enough gumbo for everyone. Usually, this type of Mardi Gras celebration also includes a barn dance with zydeco music and more family-oriented celebrations. One of the best places to witness or participate in this type of celebration is at Acadiana Village, near Lafayette, Louisiana. But the third option is the best for people who do not live near the Big Easy and still want to celebrate the last Tuesday before Lent. Planning a Mardi Gras party should begin at least a few weeks before with a quest for a bakery that will make a king cake. A king cake is similar to other white cakes, but is covered in glazes of gold, green and purple, the traditional colors of the holiday. A small toy baby or a bean is baked into the cake and tradition holds that the person who gets the slice of cake with the â€Å"prize† in it is responsible for the party the following year. Once a king cake is secured, the next visit should be to a local party supply store. Beads in the traditional colors are best, but beads of any color are welcome at a Mardi Gras celebration.   Plan to greet guests at the door with a handful of beads and a mask if they don’t come equipped with one of their own. The items needed from the party shop include tons of beads, hand held or elastic strap masks, and streamers and other decorations again in the traditional colors. Then, the next trip should be to the liquor store with a recipe in hand for hurricanes. Though made most famous by Pat O’Brien’s in the French Quarter of New Orleans, hurricanes are the drink of choice for Mardi Gras parties. The sweet rum-based drink is not for everyone so it is important to have other alternatives for party-goers as well. The final two steps are food and music, as no Mardi Gras party would be complete without either. Zydeco is the music of choice, though Dixieland and Jazz can also be used. Food, well, food should be plentiful. Since the major theme of Mardi Gras is excess, there should be lots of rich, heavy foods including sweets and finger foods. Then, there should also be a main dish of either crawfish and shrimp boil or gumbo. If serving gumbo, make sure to serve a variety gumbo with sausage, shrimp, chicken and whatever other meats drowning in the stew.   You should also get a lock box to keep keys in and provide either designated drivers or taxi rides home after the party. In short, a Mardi Grad party is the definition of excess. People should leave the celebration feeling that they have had too much to eat, too much to drink and too much fun. After all, the theme of any Mardi Gras celebration is â€Å"Laissez Les Bon Temps Roulez†;   Let The Good Time Roll. How to cite Mardi Gras, Essay examples

Expository Essay On The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Racism Example For Students

Expository Essay On The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Racism The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the story of a young boys adventures on the Mississippi River escaping the society and being sivilized by Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. The river is Hucks freedom; the river represents the difference between nature and society. It is quiet and peaceful place where Huck is able to think; the river is a place to escape to. Hucks first decision is to stay and be abused by his father or escape. I believe Huck did not want to stay but I also think he was craving an adventure of his own. Although Huck is uneducated, he is still clever, and he proves this when he fakes his own death. He says to himself that Tom would be proud of his accomplishment, but then he diminishes this thought by saying Tom would have done it better. Throughout Huck and Jims journey, Huck makes up new identities to better the chances of freedom. Examples of these are the following: first he portrays a young girl and visits a home to get information of Jim and his successful getaway, and another is when he leads the men he meets to believe his father has smallpox. Huck faces a moral predicament of aiding a slave to freedom. He is unsure of the correct thing to do. He knows that society thinks helping a slave is wrong, but he knows that he would feel worse if he turns Jim in when he had the chance. This is shown when Huck says to himself, Spose youd done right and give Jim up; would you feel better than you do now? No, says I, Id feel bad- (Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 69). Huck begins to views Jim as a real human being after he sees Jim talk so passionately about his family. Jims loyalty toward Huck is made aware when Jim is thrilled to see Huck again after they were separated in the fog. Their friendship begins to show after Huck lies about having smallpox to avoid Jim being caught. Huck is forced to decide what is right and what is wrong when Jim is captured by the Phelps. When Huck says, All right then, Ill go to Hell, and risks his soul to save Jim, it shows Hucks natural heart and the growth from an immature boy to a young man (Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 162). Although Huck has matured throughout the novel, the end of the novel leaves Huck in the same place as he was in the beginning; he still wants to escape civilization and society.